Circumcision is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the foreskin. The primary medical reasons for foreskin removal are phimosis, chronic inflammation, recurrent urinary tract infections, or recurring conditions such as condyloma or HPV. Additionally, the procedure may reduce the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and penile cancer. Adult circumcision can be performed under general anaesthesia, meaning the patient is fully sedated and asleep during the procedure. Performing the surgery under general anaesthesia helps to avoid the pain and anxiety often associated with the operation.

Condyloma is an infectious genital wart that appears as a flat or wart-like growth, skin-coloured or brownish, in the genital area. It is caused by HPV infection, which is sexually transmitted. Untreated condyloma can proliferate abnormally and pose a risk to the sexual partner, making timely removal essential. HPV-caused warts can be surgically removed under general anaesthesia, especially if there are numerous warts or they are in hard-to-reach areas where local anaesthesia is less effective.

Hydrocele surgery is performed to remove fluid accumulation in the scrotum, a common urological procedure. This fluid buildup can cause discomfort or pain. Although hydrocele is not always a severe condition, if swelling increases rapidly, becomes painful, or other symptoms arise, medical consultation is recommended to rule out more serious issues. Surgical intervention is indicated if the fluid causes pain, discomfort, aesthetic concerns, or there is a risk of infection or other complications.

A spermatocele is a benign cyst filled with fluid and sperm that develops above or alongside the epididymis. Typically, it is painless and harmless, so treatment is not necessary if it does not cause symptoms or problems. However, if the spermatocele grows large, causes pain, or poses aesthetic concerns, surgical intervention may be warranted.

A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins surrounding the testicle due to blood stagnation and increased pressure. This condition often occurs around the left testicle, as the anatomical location of the left veins is more prone to blood flow issues. Varicocele can impact male fertility by raising scrotal temperature, which may decrease sperm quality and count. The goal of varicocele surgery is to remove or seal off the enlarged veins to improve symptoms and/or enhance fertility.