Haemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins that develop around the anus or in the lower rectum. They may be caused by constipation, prolonged sitting, pregnancy, obesity or excessive straining during bowel movements. Haemorrhoid surgery is recommended for severe haemorrhoids when other treatment options, such as medication or non-surgical procedures, have not been effective. It is important to follow your surgeon's instructions carefully both before and after the operation, including pre-operative preparation and post-operative care.

A dermoid cyst is a benign (non-cancerous) cyst containing tissues such as fat, hair, skin cells and other body tissues. It most commonly develops in the ovaries or beneath the skin, although it can occur in other parts of the body. Dermoid cyst removal is performed surgically with the aim of completely removing the cyst.

A fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast lump and is most frequently found in younger women. Although it is non-cancerous and does not develop into breast cancer, removal may be recommended if the lump increases in size, causes discomfort or if there is any uncertainty about the diagnosis. Fibroadenoma excision is a straightforward and safe surgical procedure performed to remove the benign breast lump with minimal risk.

Anal fissure surgery is performed to treat an anal fissure, which is a tear in the lining of the anus. An anal fissure is a painful and uncomfortable condition that is often associated with constipation or straining during bowel movements. If conservative treatments, such as dietary changes, medication or topical creams, are unsuccessful, surgical treatment may become necessary.

Laparoscopic gallbladder removal is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which the gallbladder is removed through several small incisions. The operation is most performed to treat gallstones, recurrent gallbladder inflammation, abdominal pain or digestive symptoms. During the procedure, the surgeon uses a specialised camera and surgical instruments, resulting in less tissue trauma, a faster recovery and a shorter hospital stay compared with traditional open surgery. Before the operation, a thorough pre-operative assessment and adherence to your surgeon's instructions are essential. Following surgery, gradual return to normal activities, an appropriate diet and compliance with post-operative advice all play an important role in recovery.

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat abdominal wall hernias. Compared with traditional open surgery, this technique offers the advantages of smaller incisions, less post-operative pain and a faster recovery. During the operation, a surgical mesh is placed to reinforce the abdominal wall and reduce the risk of the hernia recurring.

Laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat umbilical hernias. An umbilical hernia develops around the navel where the abdominal wall is weakened or has a defect. During the operation, a surgical mesh is inserted to reinforce the abdominal wall and help prevent recurrence of the hernia. This is a safe and effective treatment that provides a long-term solution for umbilical hernias.

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair offers the advantages of smaller incisions, less post-operative pain and a faster recovery compared with traditional open surgery. The main difference between unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is the number of hernias treated. A unilateral procedure repairs a hernia on one side only, whereas a bilateral procedure repairs hernias on both sides during the same operation. Although the surgical techniques are similar, bilateral surgery is more complex and generally takes longer to perform. During the procedure, a surgical mesh is placed to reinforce the abdominal wall and reduce the risk of the hernia recurring.

Parathyroidectomy is a surgical procedure most performed to treat hyperparathyroidism (overactivity of the parathyroid glands). In this condition, the affected gland produces excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone, which can lead to high blood calcium levels, osteoporosis, kidney stones, fatigue and other symptoms. The aim of the operation is to remove the abnormal parathyroid gland, usually through a small incision using a targeted surgical approach. Before surgery, blood tests, imaging investigations and careful adherence to your surgeon's instructions are essential. Following the operation, calcium levels may need to be monitored, and temporary calcium supplementation may be required. Attending follow-up appointments and following post-operative advice are also important for a successful recovery.

Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy (MIVAT) is a modern, minimally invasive surgical technique used to treat thyroid nodules, cysts and certain thyroid disorders. During the procedure, the surgeon operates through a small incision using a specialised camera and fine surgical instruments. Compared with conventional thyroid surgery, MIVAT may result in less tissue trauma, a faster recovery and a smaller, more cosmetically acceptable scar. Before surgery, a thorough endocrinological assessment, imaging investigations and adherence to your surgeon's instructions are essential. Following the procedure, it is important to attend follow-up appointments, care for the surgical wound appropriately and, where necessary, take prescribed thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

Removal of a lymph node from the groin may be performed for a variety of medical reasons. These include obtaining a biopsy, assessing the spread of cancer, treating infections, or diagnosing and managing other pathological conditions. During the procedure, the surgeon makes a small incision to remove the affected lymph node or nodes. After surgery, it is important to follow your surgeon's instructions carefully to promote a smooth recovery and minimise the risk of complications.

Open ventral hernia repair is a surgical procedure in which the surgeon makes an open incision to access and repair an abdominal wall hernia, usually reinforcing the abdominal wall with a surgical mesh. Depending on the size and type of the hernia, the procedure may be performed for small, medium-sized or large abdominal wall hernias.

During open umbilical hernia repair, the surgeon makes an incision around the navel to access and repair the hernia. The procedure involves returning the hernia sac to the abdominal cavity and reinforcing the weakened area, usually with a synthetic surgical mesh. This is an effective treatment for umbilical hernias, particularly those that are larger or more complex. Recovery is generally rapid, and most patients can return to their normal activities provided they follow their surgeon's advice and avoid excessive physical strain.

Open inguinal hernia repair is a common surgical procedure performed to treat inguinal hernias. During the operation, the hernia sac is returned to the abdominal cavity, and the weakened area is reinforced, usually with a synthetic surgical mesh. The main differences between unilateral and bilateral repair relate to the number of hernias being treated and the complexity of the operation. Open inguinal hernia repair is an effective treatment for both unilateral and bilateral inguinal hernias. Unilateral surgery is generally simpler and associated with a quicker recovery, whereas bilateral surgery is more complex and usually requires a longer recovery period. In both procedures, a synthetic mesh is used to strengthen the abdominal wall, and recovery is generally quicker and less likely to be complicated when patients follow their surgeon's post-operative instructions.

Thyroid resection involves the removal of part of one or both lobes of the thyroid gland to treat a range of thyroid disorders. The operation is most performed for thyroid nodules, cysts, hyperthyroidism or thyroid tumours. During a unilateral resection, only the affected lobe is partially removed, whereas a bilateral procedure involves both sides of the thyroid gland. The aim of the operation is to remove the abnormal tissue causing symptoms while preserving as much healthy thyroid tissue as possible. Before surgery, a thorough assessment and adherence to your surgeon's instructions are essential. Following the procedure, monitoring of thyroid hormone levels, follow-up appointments and, in some cases, thyroid hormone replacement therapy may be required.

Seton placement is a surgical procedure most performed to treat an anal fistula. During the procedure, a special surgical thread or rubber seton is passed through the fistula tract to allow continuous drainage, reduce inflammation and promote gradual healing of the fistula. The aim of the procedure is to eliminate infection while preserving the function of the anal sphincter, thereby minimising the risk of future complications. Before the procedure, a thorough proctological assessment and adherence to your surgeon's instructions are important. Following surgery, careful hygiene, appropriate aftercare and attendance at follow-up appointments are essential for a successful recovery.

Fistula surgery is a procedure performed to treat abnormal passages known as fistulas. A fistula most commonly develops as a result of inflammation or infection and may create an abnormal connection between two organs or between the bowel and the skin. The aim of surgery is to eliminate the fistula tract, treat the underlying inflammation and prevent further infection. The surgical technique used depends on the location and extent of the fistula and may involve either a conventional procedure or a sphincter-preserving technique where appropriate. Before surgery, a thorough assessment and adherence to your surgeon's instructions are essential. Following the procedure, proper wound care, good hygiene and attendance at follow-up appointments are important to ensure successful healing.